ICC-ES Listing report for self-tapping screws for Canada
The ICC-ES Listing Report for Self-Tapping Screws for Canada provides third-party evaluation and listing information for self-tapping screws intended for use in Canadian construction applications. The document is intended for designers, engineers, specifiers, and code officials who require verified compliance information to support product approval and specification. The report outlines evaluated products, applicable standards, and conditions of use relevant to Canadian building codes and regulatory requirements. It serves as a reference for understanding the scope of the listing, including performance attributes, installation parameters, and limitations associated with the evaluated self-tapping screw systems. Developed as a compliance and reference document, the ICC-ES Listing Report supports informed decision-making and facilitates code acceptance for self-tapping screws used in wood and hybrid construction in Canada.
Long-Span CLT Floors: the importance of under floor insulation for soundproofing
This Rothoblaas document explores the role of underfloor insulation in improving acoustic performance in long-span cross-laminated timber (CLT) floor systems. Intended for designers, engineers, and building professionals, the document addresses key soundproofing challenges associated with larger spans and exposed timber structures. The document explains how underfloor insulation contributes to reducing airborne and impact sound transmission, with discussion of system behaviour, material selection, and integration with CLT floor assemblies. It also highlights design and construction considerations that influence acoustic performance, including detailing, installation quality, and coordination with other building systems. Developed as a technical reference, this document supports informed design decisions for long-span CLT floors, helping project teams achieve acoustic comfort while maintaining structural and architectural objectives.
Hybrid buildings: what they are and why they’re gaining ground in the construction industry
This Rothoblaas document examines the growing use of hybrid building systems and the factors driving their increased adoption across the construction industry. Intended for architects, engineers, and construction professionals, the document provides an overview of how wood is combined with materials such as steel and concrete to achieve performance, efficiency, and design objectives. The document outlines common hybrid building configurations, key structural and construction considerations, and the benefits these systems can offer, including improved constructability, structural efficiency, and project flexibility. It also explores why hybrid approaches are gaining traction, particularly in response to evolving building codes, sustainability goals, and project delivery demands. Developed as an educational resource, this document supports a clearer understanding of hybrid construction strategies, helping project teams evaluate when and how hybrid systems can be effectively applied in contemporary building projects.
Structural retrofitting techniques and fire safety regulations for structures in glulam
This Rothoblaas document provides an overview of structural retrofitting strategies for glulam buildings, with a focus on meeting fire safety regulations and performance requirements. Intended for engineers, designers, and building professionals, the document addresses key considerations when upgrading or reinforcing existing glulam structures. The document explores common retrofitting techniques, connection solutions, and system-level interventions that can enhance structural capacity while maintaining compliance with fire safety objectives. It also examines how fire regulations influence retrofit design decisions, including material selection, detailing, and protection strategies for glulam elements. Developed as a technical reference, this document supports informed retrofit planning and design, helping project teams balance structural performance, fire safety, and regulatory compliance when working with existing glulam structures.
Timber screws and connections: preventing failure through correct installation
This Rothoblaas document explores the critical role that correct installation plays in the performance and reliability of timber screws and structural connections. Aimed at designers, engineers, and construction professionals, the document highlights how improper installation practices can compromise load capacity, durability, and overall structural performance in wood construction. The document examines common causes of connection failure, including incorrect screw selection, installation angle, spacing, and edge distances. It also outlines best practices and practical considerations to help ensure timber screws and connections perform as intended, from design through on-site installation. Developed as an educational resource, this document supports improved understanding of connection behaviour in timber structures, helping project teams reduce risk, improve build quality, and achieve reliable performance through proper installation techniques.
Privacy Policy
We are pleased to open our Call for Entries and invite North American and International submissions to the 2025 Wood Design and Building Awards program celebrating excellence in wood architecture and construction. The Canadian Wood Council (“CWC”) is committed to upholding the confidentiality and security of your personal information. The CWC respects your right to privacy and have instituted best practices to help ensure that your personal information is handled responsibly. This Policy explains how CWC collects, uses, and discloses personal information that you knowingly provide while using this website and website content (the “Website”) and in any electronic publications, newsletters, or announcements made by it (“Electronic Communications”). By using CWC’s Web sites, you consent to our collection, use, and disclosure of the information you provide, as set out in this Privacy Policy. Any personal information provided to CWC through the Web sites will be treated with care, and subject to this Policy will not be used or disclosed in ways not consented. 1. Scope of this Policy 2. Information Automatically Collected 3. Personal Information You Specifically Provide to the Website 4. Other Matters Your Comments — If you have any comments or questions about this Policy or your personal information, please contact CWC at helpdesk@cwc.ca. Other Websites — The Website may contain links to other Websites or Internet resources. When you click on one of those links you are contacting another Website or Internet resource that may collect information about you voluntarily or through cookies or other technologies. CWC has no responsibility or liability for, or control over those other Websites or Internet resources or their collection, use and disclosure of your personal information. Website Terms of Use — The Terms of Use governing your use of the Website contains important provisions disclaiming and excluding the liability of CWC and others regarding your use of the Website and provisions determining the applicable law and exclusive jurisdiction for the resolution of any disputes regarding your use of the Website. Each of those provisions also applies to any disputes that may arise in relation to this Policy and the collection, use and disclosure of your personal information, and are of the same force and effect as if they had been reproduced directly in this Policy. Former Users — If you stop using the Website or your permission to use the Website is terminated by CWC, CWC may continue to use and disclose your personal information in accordance with this Policy as amended from time to time, and subject to compliance with the law. Privacy Policy Changes — This Policy may be changed by CWC from time to time, without any prior notice or liability to you or any other person. The collection, use and disclosure of your personal information by CWC will be governed by the version of this Policy in effect at that time. New versions of this Policy will be posted here. Your continued use of the Website and receipt or request of any electronic communication subsequent to any changes to this Policy will signify that you consent to the collection, use and disclosure of your personal information in accordance with the changed Policy. Accordingly, when you use the Website or receive or request any electronic communication, you should check the date of this Policy and review any changes since the last version.
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By accessing and using this website and website content (collectively, the “Website”), you are deemed to have agreed to these terms and conditions of use (the “Terms of Use”) and any other notices, guidelines and rules published by the Canadian Wood Council (“CWC”) on this Website from time to time (each of which is incorporated into these Terms of Use by reference), and all applicable laws and regulations governing the Website. By using this Website you also represent and warrant that you have the legal authority to enter into this Agreement. You also agree to the use of any personal information that you may supply to CWC through this Website, as further described in our Privacy Policy. CWC has the right, in its sole discretion, to add, remove, modify or otherwise change any part of these Terms of Use for the Website, in whole or in part, at any time. Any change will be effective when notice of such change is posted on the Website. 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The 2025 Ottawa Wood Solutions Conference will be presented on February 5, 2025 at the National Arts Centre
December 19, 2024 (Ottawa) – The 2025 Ottawa Wood Solutions Conference will be presented on Wednesday, February 5, 2025, from 8:00 am to 5:00 pm, at the National Arts Centre, located at 1 Elgin St. in Ottawa. First launched over 20 years ago to serve design and construction professionals interested in building with wood, this event has evolved from a niche gathering into a cornerstone of professional education, driven by the growing demand for sustainable wood construction. The program offers a range of presentations—from technical deep dives to inspiring case studies—catering to participants at every stage of their professional journey, from newcomers to seasoned experts. Attendees can also take advantage of valuable opportunities to connect, collaborate, and expand their professional networks within the wood community. Conference organizers are delighted to welcome Christophe Ouhayoun of KOZ Architects (France) to share insights into the innovative, collaborative development of the Paris Olympics Athletes’ Village. His presentation will also explore the current effort underway to convert these structures into much-needed permanent housing, highlighting this progressive mass timber development as a model of adaptability and sustainability. Another program highlight pays tribute to the venue itself. Donald Schmitt, CM, of Diamond Schmitt Architects will present on the revitalization of the National Arts Centre, offering a behind-the-scenes look at the timber structure and prefabrication process that transformed this iconic building into a modern landmark. Other technical presentations include managing sound and vibration in mass timber buildings and growing Canadian capacity for industrialized wood construction, advancing wood products in our changing climate, and a discussion of the value of conventional wood frame construction in small communities where it provides job opportunities, with a specific focus on Indigenous housing projects. Early Bird registration of just $99+HST is available until the end of December. In the new year, registration for the conference will be $149 +HST. Delegates can find the Ottawa Wood Solutions Conference on Eventbrite or jump directly to online registration with this link: https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/2025-ottawa-wood-solutions-conference-tickets-1080654991169 A limited number of discounted passes are available for post-secondary educators and students in AEC+D programs of study. Please contact Kelsey Dayler for more information kdayler@cwc.ca.
Wood Design & Building Magazine, vol 23, issue 94
FAQs
What do the experts have to say about wood-frame mid-rise construction? Graham Finch, Building Science Research Engineer Michael Green, Principal, Michael Green Architecture Mid-rise Wood Construction – a detailed look at a changing landscape (Part 1) Mid-rise Wood Construction – a detailed look at a changing landscape (Part 2) Seven-storey wood-frame earthquake test BC Housing is supporting wood-frame construction for seniors’ rental housing Is mid-rise and tall wood building construction a new phenomenon: Wood-frame and heavy timber construction (up to ten storeys) was the norm in the early 1900’s, and many of these buildings still exist and are in use in many Canadian cities. Check them out here: http://www.flickr.com/photos/bobkh/337920532/. Over the past 10 years, there is a revival in the use of wood for both mid-rise (up to six-storeys) and tall buildings. In British Columbia alone, as of December 2013, there were over 250 five- and six-storey wood product based mid-rise buildings either in the design or construction phase. Why have code change proposals? This 2015 building code change is not about favoring wood over other building materials; it’s about acknowledging, via the highly thorough code process, that science-based innovation in wood products and building systems can and will lead to more choices for builders and occupants. Are these buildings safe? Regardless of the building material in question, nothing gets built unless it meets code. Mid-rise wood-frame buildings reflect a new standard of engineering in that structural, fire and seismic concerns have all been addressed by the expert committees of the Canadian Commission on Building and Fire Codes. As an example, when it comes to concerns from firefighters, there is increased sprinkler protection for concealed spaces and balconies, greater water supply for fire protection, restrictions on types of building claddings used and increased consideration for access by firefighters . In the end, when occupied, these buildings fully meet the same requirements of the Building Code as any other type of construction from the perspective of health, safety and accessibility. What are some of the new safety provisions being proposed? Fire safety: Increased level of sprinkler / water protection: More concealed spaces sprinklered Balconies must be sprinklered Greater water supply for fire protection Non-combustible or limited combustible exterior wall cladding on 5th and 6th storey 25% of perimeter must face one street (within 15m of street) for firefighter access Seismic and wind provisions: Similar to BC Building Code Guidance (Appendix) on impact of increased rain and wind loads for 5- and 6-storey Acoustics: Requirements for Apparent Sound Transmission Class (ASTC) Supported by science from FPInnovations, NRC and many others. Doesn’t wood burn? No building material is impervious to the effects of fire. The proposed code changes go above and beyond the minimum requirements outlined in the NBCC. Health, safety, accessibility, fire and structural protection of buildings remain the core objectives of the NBCC and wood industry at large. What about construction site safety? The Canadian Wood Council has developed construction site fire safety guides which outline best practices and safety precautions to take during the construction phase of a building. Are mid-rise wood-frame buildings cost effective? For the most part, yes. Mid-rise wood-frame buildings are often a less expensive construction option for builders. This is good news for main-street Canada where land is so expensive. The recommended changes to the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) would give the opportunity to erect safe, code compliant buildings that would otherwise not be possible. The net benefit of reduced construction costs is increased affordability for home buyers. In terms of new economic opportunity, the ability to move forward “now” creates new construction jobs in cities and supports employment in forestry communities. This also offers increased export opportunities for current and innovative wood products, where adoption in Canada provides the example for other countries.
National Model Codes in Canada
On behalf of the Canadian Commission on Building and Fire Codes (CCBFC) the National Research Council (NRC) Codes Canada publishes national model codes documents that set out minimum requirements relating to their scope and objectives. These include the National Building Code (NBC), the National Fire Code (NFC), the National Energy Code for Buildings (NECB), the National Plumbing Code (NPC) and other documents. The Canadian Standards Association (CSA) publishes other model codes that address electrical, gas and elevator systems. The NBC is the model building code in Canada that forms the basis of most building design in the country. The NBC is a highly regarded model building code because it is a consensus-based process for producing a model set of requirements which provide for the health and safety of the public in buildings. Its origins are deeply entrenched within Canadian history and culture and a need to house the growing population of Canada safely and economically. Historical events have shaped many of the health and safety requirements of the NBC. Model codes such as the NBC and NECB have no force in law until they are adopted by a government authority having jurisdiction. In Canada, that responsibility resides within the provinces, territories and in some cases, municipalities. Most regions choose to adopt the NBC, or adapt their own version derived from the NBC to suit regional needs. The model codes in Canada are developed by experts, for experts, through a collaborative and consensus-based process that includes input from all segments of the building community. The Canadian model codes build on the best expertise from across Canada and around the world to provide effective building and safety regulations that are harmonized across Canada. The Codes Canada publications are developed by the Canadian Commission on Building and Fire Codes (CCBFC). The CCBFC oversees the work of a number of technical standing committees. Representing all major facets of the construction industry, commission members include building and fire officials, architects, engineers, contractors and building owners, as well as members of the public. Canadian Wood Council representatives hold membership status on several of the standing committees and task groups acting under the CCBFC and participate actively in the technical updates and revisions related to aspects of the Canadian model codes that apply to wood building products and systems. During any five-year code-revision cycle, there are many opportunities for the Canadian public to contribute to the process. At least twice during the five-year cycle, proposed changes to the Code are published and the public is invited to comment. This procedure is crucial as it allows input from all those concerned and broadens the scope of expertise of the Committees. Thousands of comments are received and examined by the Committees during each cycle. A proposed change may be approved as written, modified and resubmitted for public review at a later date, or rejected entirely.
Wood design in the National Building Code of Canada
The current edition of the National Building Code of Canada (NBC) is published in an objective-based format intended to allow more flexibility when evaluating non-traditional or alternative solutions. The objective-based format currently in use provides additional information that helps proponents and regulators determine what minimum performance level must be achieved to facilitate evaluation of new alternatives. Although the NBC helps users understand the intent of the requirements, it is understood that proponents and regulators will still have a challenge in terms of demonstrating compliance. In any case, objective-based codes are expected to foster a spirit of innovation and create new opportunities for Canadian manufacturers. Requirements related to the specification of structural wood products and wood building systems that relates to health, safety, accessibility and the protection of buildings from fire or structural damage is set forth in the NBC. The NBC applies mainly to new construction, but also aspects of demolition, relocation, renovation and change of building use. The current NBC was published in 2015, and is usually updated on a five-year cycle. The next update is expected in 2020. In terms of structural design, the NBC specifies loads, while material resistance is referenced through the use of material standards. In the case of engineering design in wood, CSA O86 provides the designer with the means of calculating the resistance values of structural wood products to resist gravity and lateral loads. Additional design information is found in the companion documents to the NBC; Structural Commentaries (User’s Guide – NBC 2015: Part 4 of Division B) and the Illustrated User’s Guide – NBC 2015: Part 9 of Division B, Housing and Small Buildings. In Canada, structural wood products are specified prescriptively or through engineered design, depending on the application and occupancy. Design professionals, such as architects and engineers, are generally required for structures that exceed three-storeys in height or are greater than 600 m2 or if occupancies are not covered by Part 9 ‘Housing and Small Buildings’ of the NBC. Housing and small buildings can be built without a full structural design using prescriptive requirements found in Part 9 of the Code. Some Part 9 requirements are based on calculations, others are based on construction practices that have a proven performance history. Generally prescriptive use is allowed if the following conditions are met: three-stories or less 600m2 or less uses repetitive wood members spaced within 600 mm spans are less than 12.2 meters floor live loads do not exceed 2.4 kPa residential, office, mercantile or medium-to low-hazard industrial occupancy The rationale for not basing all Part 9 requirements on calculations comes from the fact that there has been historical performance and experience with small wood-frame buildings in Canada, in addition to the notion that many of the non-structural elements actually contribute to the structural performance of a wood-frame system. Quantifying the ‘system’ effects on overall behaviour of a wood-frame building cannot be done adequately using typical design assumptions, such as two-dimensional load paths and single member engineering mechanics. In these instances, the requirements for houses and small buildings is based on alternative criteria of a prescriptive nature. These prescriptive criteria are based on an extensive performance history of wood-frame housing and small buildings that meet current day code objectives and requirements. Buildings that fall outside of prescriptive boundaries or are intended for major occupancy or post disaster situations must be designed by design professionals in accordance with Part 4 of the NBC. Structural resistance of wood products and building systems are engineered according to the requirements of CSA O86 in order to resist the loadings described in Part 4 of the NBC.
