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Fire Safety Challenges of Tall Wood Buildings

Acknowledging the growing importance of designing sustainable buildings and addressing overpopulation concerns, the development of engineered wood products has introduced the possibility of constructing high-rise timber structures that can improve both these conditions. However, as a combustible material, one of the biggest barriers to construction of tall timber buildings is the potential fire risk resulting from the combustible structure. In November 2012, the Fire Protection Research Foundation commissioned the Fire Safety Challenges of Tall Wood Buildings study to address this concern. Phase I of this two-phase study seeks to collect the available knowledge of fire safety in timber structures and identify gaps in knowledge that would further the understanding of fire performance of tall timber buildings. Results of the study, including a summary of timber construction and fire dynamics, is presented herein.

Wood Design Awards, 2013

Wood Design Awards, 2012

The Case for Tall Wood Buildings

Wood is the most significant building material we use today that is grown by the sun. When harvested responsibly, wood is arguably one of the best tools architects and engineers have for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and storing carbon in our buildings. The Case for Tall Wood Buildings expands the discussion of where we will see wood and specifically Mass Timber in the future of the world’s skylines. As we pursue the solar and green energy solutions that Thomas Edison spoke of over 80 years ago, we must consider that we are surrounded by a building material that is manufactured by nature, a material that is renewable, durable and strong.

This report introduces a major opportunity for systemic change in the building industry. For the last century there has been no reason to challenge steel and concrete as the essential structural materials of large buildings. Climate change now demands that we do. The work of thousands of scientists with the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has defined one of the most significant challenges of our time. How we address climate change in buildings is a cornerstone in how the world will tackle the need to reduce emissions of green house gases and indeed find ways to store those same gases that are significantly impacting the health of our planet. Just as the automobile industry, energy sector and most other industries will see innovations that challenge the conventions of the way we will live in this century, the building industry must seek innovation in the fundamental materials that we choose to build with. In a rapidly urbanizing world with an enormous demand to house and shelter billions of people in the upcoming decades we must find solutions for our urban environments that have a lighter climate impact than today’s incumbent major structural materials. This report is a major step in that direction. Indeed it introduces the first significant challenge to steel and concrete in tall buildings since their adoption more than a century ago.

Wood Design Awards, 2011

Wood Design Awards, 2010

Wood Reference Handbook

The Wood Reference Handbook is much more than a guide to the architectural use of wood in building construction – it is a beautifully assembled homage to fine wood craftsmanship throughout the world.

Introduction to Wood Building Technology

Engineers, architects, building code officials, builders, developers, students and professors all turn to Introduction to Wood Building Technology – the most current guide to the construction of wood buildings.

Canadian Lumber Properties

Canadian Lumber Properties is a source of information on the structural properties of Canadian softwood lumber derived from full-size (“in-grade”) tests.

Wood Highway Bridges

Wood Highway Bridges demonstrates how wood bridges can be designed to be assembled rapidly, resist deterioration caused by de-icing chemicals, and utilize stress-laminating in decks to provide long-term performance.

Wood Piles

Wood Piles provides clear and concise coverage of a topic that is often considered obscure However, wood piling has been used around the world to support heavy loads for centuries – and it is still in use today

Guide to Encapsulated Mass Timber Construction in the Ontario Building Code
...apply the latest Ontario Building Code provisions for Encapsulated Mass Timber Construction (EMTC), effective January 1, 2025. Developed by the Canadian Wood Council / WoodWorks Ontario in collaboration with Morrison...
Advanced Wood Construction Action Plan
As part of Sustainable Growth: Ontario’s Forest Sector Strategy, the Government of Ontario committed to increasing the use of wood in construction to grow and diversify the market for Ontario’s...
Guideline to Insuring Timber in Canada
...leading to changes in insurance rates as well. The methodology for determining insurance rates for taller wood buildings is similar to that of low-rise builds. Combine that with the relatively...
Insuring Timber Strategy
Recognizing the barriers to adoption, the Canadian Wood Council has proactively mobilized a response strategy. As a first step, we have commissioned several studies to investigate and understand the workings...
ICC-ES Listing report for self-tapping screws for Canada
...screw systems. Developed as a compliance and reference document, the ICC-ES Listing Report supports informed decision-making and facilitates code acceptance for self-tapping screws used in wood and hybrid construction in...
Hybrid buildings: what they are and why they’re gaining ground in the construction industry
...document provides an overview of how wood is combined with materials such as steel and concrete to achieve performance, efficiency, and design objectives. The document outlines common hybrid building configurations,...
Timber screws and connections: preventing failure through correct installation
...document highlights how improper installation practices can compromise load capacity, durability, and overall structural performance in wood construction. The document examines common causes of connection failure, including incorrect screw selection,...
Historical Tall-Wood Toronto
Courtesy of the Mass Timber Institute There is much to learn from the resilient and adaptable warehouse buildings that line the streets of Canada’s historic manufacturing districts. ‘Historical Tall-Wood Toronto’...
Durability
...North American buildings built in the 1800s, wood construction has proven it can stand the test of time. Although wood building technology has been changing over time, wood’s natural durability...
Wood Design & Building Magazine, vol 23, issue 94
Buildings
...Office has updated the “Best Practice Guide for Wood-Frame Envelopes in the Coastal Climate of British Columbia” originally developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and published “Building Enclosure Design...
Environmental Issues
...with all woodworking. Here are a few key points specific to treated wood: Pressure-treated wood is not a pesticide, and it is not a hazardous product. In most municipalities, you...
Tests Current research includes the World’s largest mass timber fire test – click here for updates on the test results currently being conducted https://firetests.cwc.ca/...
Studies General “The Historical Development of the Building Size Limits in the National Building Code of Canada“, by Sereca for CWC (2015)  (17 Mb) Structural &...
Wood is the only major building material that grows naturally and is renewable. With growing pressure to reduce the carbon footprint of the built environment, building...
Of all the energy used in North America, it is estimated that 30 to 40 percent is consumed by buildings. In Canada, the majority of operational energy in residential...
Concerns about climate change are encouraging decarbonization of the building sector, including the use of construction materials responsible for fewer greenhouse gas (GHG)...
Construction products and the building sector as a whole have significant impacts on the environment. Policy instruments and market forces are increasingly pushing...
BUILDING CODES & STANDARDS (THE REGULATORY SYSTEM) The construction industry is regulated through building codes which are informed by: Design standards that provide...
The National Energy Code of Canada for Buildings (NECB) aims to help save on energy bills, reduce peak energy demand, and improve the quality and comfort of the building's...
Wood is composed of many small cellular tubes that are predominantly filled with air. The natural composition of the material allows for wood to act as an effective...
The provision of fire safety in a building is a complex matter; far more complex than the relative combustibility of the main structural materials used in a building. To...
In addition to combustible, heavy timber and noncombustible construction, a new construction type is presently being considered for inclusion into the National Building Code...
For many years, the design values of Canadian dimension lumber were determined by testing small clear samples. Although this approach had worked well in the past, there were...

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