Promoting Health and Wellness with Wood Architecture
The year 2020 will forever be synonymous with COVID-19. After experiencing the pandemic and its ripple effects, few would question the importance of health and wellness. What people may not consider is the impact that our surrounding environments have on our health. Research shows that incorporating wood and other natural elements into buildings can have a positive effect on occupants’ overall health and well-being. The term for this effect is called biophilia, which refers to humanity’s innate need to connect with nature.
Many industries are embracing biophilic design and its benefits. Employers are eager to create inviting spaces for their teams, hospital designs have shifted from cold and industrial-like to bright environments with wayfinding elements, and homeowners are expanding their living spaces with decks, fences, and pergolas so they can gather with friends and family outdoors. The wellness impacts of wood extend beyond the biophilic advantages of finished spaces. Mass timber buildings also benefit workers throughout the construction process by reducing construction time, and prefabricated elements contribute to cleaner, safer building sites.
The team at the Canadian Wood Council/Wood WORKS! is committed to providing design and construction professionals with the tools and information needed to build with wood. We’re going taller, we’re getting bigger, and, from coast to coast, we’re not stopping. Building with wood is the right choice, for the environment and for everyone’s well-being.
This case study examines two wood buildings, both with primary retail commercial occupancies, but which employ different mass timber products to achieve very different effects. Askew’s Uptown Supermarket in Salmon Arm, BC, features an expansive nail-laminated timber (NLT) roof that appears to float above the retail floor (Figure 1.1), while the Whistler Community Services Society Building in Whistler, BC, uses a robust, utilitarian exposed glued-laminated timber (glulam) and cross-laminated timber (CLT) structure as befits the building’s industrial setting (Figure 1.2).
In April 2019 John Horgan, Premier of British Columbia, announced a new directive to require municipalities and the BC government to strongly consider the use of wood in public buildings, both as a structural material and for interior finishes. The goal of this initiative is to increase demand for BC’s wood products and to assist the forest industry in dealing with the significant impacts of climate change. To date, these have included the mountain pine beetle infestation and an increase in the frequency and severity of forest fires, both of which have had widespread negative consequences for the industry across the province.
When announcing the initiative, Premier Horgan stated: “We will expect the result to maximize the potential of the existing timber supply, maintain jobs, incorporate First Nations’ interests, and address the economic, cultural, recreational and other uses of BC’s land base.” New engineered mass timber products, supported by new legislation, now make it possible for wood to be used in a wide range of projects, both urban and rural.
This case study showcases two recent projects that illustrate the value and versatility of wood, both in its response to technical challenges and in its contribution to economic and social sustainability in communities around the province.
In Vancouver, Fire Hall No. 5 (Figure 1.1) is an example of an innovative response to rising land costs and the shortage of affordable social housing; while in the Kootenay village of Radium Hot Springs, a wealth of local wood products, manufacturing capabilities and craft skills combine in a community hall and library that can truly be called a ‘100-mile building’ (Figure 1.2).
Low‐Rise Commercial Mass Timber Design Case Study
Resource Description
This case study presents a 3-storey mass timber office building designed with a Glulam post-and-beam main structural system supporting CLT floor and roof panels. It has been developed as a teaching resource for educators, providing comprehensive engineering calculations for the primary structure, detailed analyses and design of CLT shear walls, and full calculations for all major connections.
To support practical learning, sample construction documents are included at the end of the case study, offering concrete examples of how the design can be implemented. The resource is complemented by a fully detailed architectural and structural Revit model, giving educators a complete digital representation of the project that can be used in teaching or demonstration settings. An accompanying Design Example further illustrates the application of design principles, helping students connect theory with real-world practice.
This material is intended to facilitate the instruction of advanced mass timber construction concepts, supporting both the theoretical understanding and practical skills of students. By integrating structural calculations, construction documentation, and digital modeling, it provides educators with a comprehensive, ready-to-use resource for teaching wood-based building design and construction.
Acknowledgments
Lead Authors
Structural Design:Carla Dickof, P.Eeng. M.Sc.Fast+Epp Architectural Design:George Brown CollegeArchitectural Technology Program,CADE3002, Class of 2021 – Co-op Students
Reviewers
Structural Design:Nick Bevilacqua, P.Eng, Struct Eng,Fast+Epp Reed KelterbornCanadian Wood Council Yang DuCanadian Wood Council Ali MikaelCanadian Wood Council Architectural Design:Dr. Hoda GanjiGeorge Brown College
Usage and Citation Guidelines
These resources were developed collaboratively by Fast+Epp, the Canadian Wood Council, and contributors from George Brown College. They reflect current design and construction practice and were created to support teaching and learning in wood design and architecture.
The resources remain the intellectual property of the respective authors and are provided free of charge for educational purposes. Any commercial use, redistribution, or modification outside of an academic setting is strictly prohibited.
When these resources are used in a context that requires citation, please use the following format:
Author(s). (Year). Title of module [Teaching Module]. Funded and published by the Canadian Wood Council.
Current research includes the World’s largest mass timber fire test – click here for updates on the test results currently being conducted https://firetests.cwc.ca/
“Fire Safety Challenges of Tall Wood Buildings”, by Robert Gerard and David Barber – Arup North America Ltd; Armin Wolski, San Francisco, CA; for the National Fire Protection Association’s Fire Protection Research Foundation (December 2013)
Wood Design & Building Magazine, vol 25, issue 102
This issue of Wood Design & Building explores how intentional design can carry culture, support community, and foster connection. The projects featured here demonstrate how a clear vision can transform a building into an environment grounded in purpose, identity, and care, reflecting both people and place.
Several projects in this issue centre Indigenous perspectives and priorities. The Membertou First Nation office building, the Weliankweyasimk Women’s Shelter, and the Chief Leonard George residential building each reflect cultural knowledge, respond to community needs, and create spaces of safety, continuity, and belonging.
Wood is a consistent presence throughout. Long associated with shelter and refuge, it is also a material of gathering, warmth, and shared experience. It is no coincidence that projects grounded in human wellbeing so often turn to wood. This connection is present in many cultures. Our WoodWare feature on FinnFox, for example, highlights the part wooden saunas play supporting health and building community in Nordic (and Canadian) sauna culture.
At the same time, building with wood is not simply a return to the past. While it reconnects us with cultural knowledge and longstanding practices, it also reflects a growing recognition of wood as a high-performance, renewable material for contemporary construction. This is evident in the Chief Leonard George Building, Canada’s first tall mass timber residential building constructed to the Passive House standard. It demonstrates how thoughtful wood design can both preserve cultural continuity and point toward the future of high-performance, low-carbon construction.
A truss is a structural frame relying on a triangular arrangement of webs and chords to transfer loads to reaction points. This geometric arrangement of the members gives trusses high strength-to-weight ratios, which permit longer spans than conventional framing. Light-frame truss can commonly span up to 20 m (60 ft), although longer spans are also feasible.
The first light-frame trusses were built on-site using nailed plywood gusset plates. These trusses offered acceptable spans but demanded considerable time to build. Originally developed in the United States in the 1950s, the metal connector plate transformed the truss industry by allowing efficient prefabrication of short and long span trusses. The light-gauge metal connector plates allow for the transfer of load between adjoining members through punched steel teeth that are embedded into the wood members. Today, light-frame wood trusses are widely used in single- and multi-family residential, institutional, agricultural, commercial and industrial construction.
The shape and size of light-frame trusses is restricted only by manufacturing capabilities, shipping limitations and handling considerations. Trusses can be designed as simple or multi-span and with or without cantilevers. Economy, ease of fabrication, fast delivery and simplified erection procedures make light-frame wood trusses competitive in many roof and floor applications. Their long span capability often eliminates the need for interior load bearing walls, offering the designer flexibility in floor layouts. Roof trusses offer pitched, sloped or flat roof configurations, while also providing clearance for insulation, ventilation, electrical, plumbing, heating and air conditioning services between the chords.
Light-frame wood trusses are prefabricated by pressing the protruding teeth of the steel truss plate into 38 mm (2 in) wood members, which are pre-cut and assembled in a jig. Most trusses are fabricated using 38 x 64 mm (2 x 3 in) to 38 x 184 mm (2 x 8 in) visually graded and machine stress-rated (MSR) lumber. To provide different grip values, the truss connector plates are stamped from galvanized light-gauge sheet steel of different grades and gauge thicknesses. Many sizes of truss plates are manufactured to suit any shape or size of truss or load to be carried.
Light frame trusses are manufactured according to standards established by the Truss Plate Institute of Canada. The capacities for the plates vary by manufacturer and are established through testing. Truss plates must conform to the requirements of CSA O86 and must be approved by the Canadian Construction Materials Centre (CCMC). To obtain approval, the truss plates are tested in accordance with CSA S347. During design, light-frame trusses are generally engineered by the truss plate manufacturer on behalf of the truss fabricator.
When light-frame trusses arrive at the job site they should be checked for any permanent damage such as cross breaks in the lumber, missing or damaged metal connector plates, excessive splits in the lumber, or any damage that could impair the structural integrity of the truss. Whenever possible, trusses should be unloaded in bundles on dry, relatively smooth ground. They should not be unloaded on rough terrain or uneven spaces that could result in undue lateral strain that could possibly distort the metal connector plates or damage parts of the trusses.
Light-frame trusses can be stored horizontally or vertically. If stored in the horizontal position, trusses should be supported on blocking spaced at 2.4 to 3 m (8 to 10 ft) centres to prevent lateral bending and reduce moisture gain from the ground. When stored in the vertical position, trusses should be placed on a stable horizontal surfaced and braced to prevent toppling or tipping. If trusses need to be stored for an extended period of time measures must be taken to protect them from the elements, keeping the trusses dry and well ventilated.
Light-frame trusses require temporary bracing during erection, prior to the installation of permanent bracing. Truss plates should not be used with incised lumber. Contact the truss manufacturer for further guidance on the use of light-frame trusses in corrosive environments, wet service conditions, or when treated with a fire retardant.
For further information, refer to the following resources:
As for all other building materials, a critical aspect of wood structures is the manner by which members are connected. Wood products are building materials which are easily drilled, chiseled, or otherwise shaped to facilitate the connection of members, and a number of methods and a wide range of products are available for connecting wood. The installation of metal fasteners is the most common method of connecting wood products and a wide range of hardware is available. These range from the nails and the light connectors used for light framing construction to the bolts, side plates and other hardware used for heavy member connections. Each type of fastener is designed to be used with a particular type of construction.
For many applications, such as nailing for light-frame wall construction, metal fasteners serve only a structural purpose, and will be hidden from view by interior and exterior finishes. In other cases where wood members serve a structural purpose and are left exposed to add visual interest to a design and give a robust appearance to a structure, thought must be given to the connection layout and the selection and finishing of the wood products themselves. In other instances, where metal fasteners are exposed to view, the designer might want them to be as inconspicuous as possible. This can be done by selecting fasteners such as split rings and bolts, by reducing the visual impact of hardware through recessing it within the wood members, or by using painting to reduce the prominence of a connection.
Parallel Strand Lumber (PSL) provides attributes such as high strength, high stiffness and dimensional stability. The manufacturing process of OSL enables large members to be made from relatively small trees, providing efficient utilization of forest resources. In Canada, PSL is fabricated using Douglas fir.
PSL is employed primarily as structural framing for residential, commercial and industrial construction. Common applications of PSL in construction include headers, beams and lintels in light-frame construction and beams and columns in post and beam construction. PSL is an attractive structural material which is suited to applications where finished appearance is important.
Similar to laminated strand lumber (LSL) and oriented strand lumber (OSL), PSL is made from flaked wood strands that are arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the member and have a length-to-thickness ratio of approximately 300. The wood strands used in PSL are longer than those used to manufacture LSL and OSL. Combined with an exterior waterproof phenol-formaldehyde adhesive, the strands are oriented and formed into a large billet, then pressed together and cured using microwave radiation.
PSL beams are available in thicknesses of 68 mm (2-11/16 in), 89 mm (3-1/2 in), 133 mm (5-1/4 in), and 178 mm (7 in) and a maximum depth of 457 mm (18 in). PSL columns are available in square or rectangular dimensions of 89 mm (3-1/2 in), 133 mm (5-1/4 in), and 178 mm (7 in). The smaller thicknesses can be used individually as single plies or can be combined for multi-ply applications. PSL can be made in long lengths but it is usually limited to 20 m (66 ft) by transportation constraints.
PSL is a solid, highly predictable, uniform engineered wood product due to the fact that natural defects such as knots, slope of grain and splits have been dispersed throughout the material or have been removed altogether during the manufacturing process. Like the other SCL products (LVL, LSL and OSL), PSL offers predictable strength and stiffness properties and dimensional stability. Manufactured at a moisture content of 11 percent, PSL is less prone to shrinking, warping , cupping, bowing and splitting.
All special cutting, notching or drilling should be done in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations. Manufacturer’s catalogues and evaluation reports are the primary sources of information for design, typical installation details and performance characteristics.
PSL exhibits a rich texture and retains numerous dark glue lines. PSL can be machined, stained, and finished using the techniques applicable to sawn lumber. PSL members readily accept stain to enhance the warmth and texture of the wood. All PSL is sanded at the end of the production process to ensure precise dimensions and to provide a high quality surface for appearance.
As with any other wood product, PSL should be protected from the weather during jobsite storage and after installation. Wrapping of the product for shipment to the job site is important in providing moisture protection. End and edge sealing of the product will enhance its resistance to moisture penetration. PSL readily accepts preservative treatment and it is possible to obtain a high degree of preservative penetration. Treated PSL can be specified in high humidity exposures.
PSL is a proprietary product and therefore, the specific engineering properties and sizes are unique to each manufacturer. Thus, PSL does not have a common standard of production and common design values. Design values are derived from test results analysed in accordance with CSA O86 and ASTM D5456 and the design values are reviewed and approved by the Canadian Construction Materials Centre (CCMC). Products meeting the CCMC guidelines receive an Evaluation Number and Evaluation Report that includes the specified design strengths, which are subsequently listed in CCMC’s Registry of Product Evaluations. The manufacturer’s name or product identification and the stress grade is marked on the material at various intervals, but due to end cutting it may not be present on every piece.
The Canadian Construction Materials Centre (CCMC) has accepted PSL for use as heavy timber construction, as described under the provisions within Part 3 of the National Building Code of Canada.
For further information, refer to the following resources:
APA – The Engineered Wood Association
Canadian Construction Materials Centre (CCMC), Institute for Research in Construction
CSA O86 Engineering design in wood
ASTM D5456 Standard Specification for Evaluation of Structural Composite Lumber Products
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a proprietary engineered wood product that is prefabricated using several layers of kiln-dried lumber, laid flat-wise, and glued together on their wide faces. Panels typically consist of three, five, seven or nine alternating layers of dimension lumber. The alternating directions of the CLT laminations provide it with high dimensional stability. CLT also has a high strength to weight ratio, along with exhibiting advantages for structural, fire, thermal and acoustic performance.
Panel thicknesses usually range between 100 to 300 mm (4 to 12 in), but panels as thick as 500 mm (20 in) can be produced. Panel sizes range from 1.2 to 3 m (4 to 10 ft) in width and 5 to 19.5 m (16 to 64 ft) in length. The maximum panel size is limited by the size of the manufacturer’s press and transportation regulations.
The design provisions for CLT in Canada apply to sawn lumber panels manufactured in accordance with the ANSI/APA PRG 320 standard. Typically, all the laminations in one direction are manufactured using the same grade and species of lumber. However, adjacent layers are permitted to be of different thickness and made of alternative grades or species. The moisture content of the lumber laminations at the time of CLT manufacturing is between 9 and 15%.
There are five primary CLT stress grades; E1, E2, E3, V1 and V2. Stress grade E1 is the most readily available stress grade. The “E” designation indicates machine stress rated (MSR, or E-rated) lumber and the “V” designation indicates visually graded lumber. Stress grades E1, E2 and E3 consist of MSR lumber in all longitudinal layers and visually graded lumber in the transverse layers, while stress grades V1 and V2 consist of visually graded lumber in both longitudinal and transverse layers. Properties for custom CLT stress grades are also published by individual manufacturers. Similar to other proprietary structural wood products, CLT can be evaluated by the Canadian Construction Materials Centre (CCMC) in order to produce a product evaluation report.
Unlike primary and custom CLT stress grades which are associated with structural capacity, appearance grades refer to the surface finish of CLT panels. Any stress grade can usually be produced in any surface finish targeted by the designer. Accommodations for reductions in strength and stiffness due to panel profiling or other face- or edge-finishes must be made. The Appendix of ANSI/APA PRG 320 provides examples of CLT appearance classifications.
Structural adhesives used in bonding laminations must comply with CSA O112.10 and ASTM D7247 and are also evaluated for heat performance during exposure to fire.
The different classes of structural adhesives that are typically used include:
Emulsion polymer isocyanate (EPI);
One-component polyurethane (PUR);
Phenolic types such as phenol-resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF).
Since pressure treatment with water-borne preservatives can negatively affect bond adhesion, CLT is not permitted to be treated with water-borne preservatives after gluing. For CLT treated with fire-retardant or other potentially strength-reducing chemicals, strength and stiffness is required to be based on documented test results.
As part of the prefabrication process, CLT panels are cut to size, including door and window openings, with state-of-the art computer numerical controlled (CNC) routers, capable of making complex cuts with low tolerances. Prefabricated CLT elements arrive on site ready for immediate installation. CLT offers design flexibility and low environmental impacts for floor, roof and wall elements within innovative mid-rise and tall wood buildings.
For further information on CLT, refer to the following resources:
Oriented Strand Board (OSB) is a widely used, versatile structural wood panel. OSB makes efficient use of forest resources, by employing less valuable, fast-growing species. OSB is made from abundant, small diameter poplar and aspen trees to produce an economical structural panel. The manufacturing process can make use of crooked, knotty and deformed trees which would not otherwise have commercial value, thereby maximizing forest utilization.
OSB has the ability to provide structural performance advantages, an important component of the building envelope and cost savings. OSB is a dimensionally stable wood-based panel that has the ability to resist delamination and warping. OSB can also resist racking and shape distortion when subjected to wind and seismic loadings. OSB panels are light in weight and easy to handle and install.
OSB panels are primarily used in dry service conditions as roof, wall and floor sheathing, and act as key structural components for resisting lateral loads in diaphragms and shearwalls. OSB is also used as the web material for some types of prefabricated wood I-joists and the skin material for structural insulated panels. OSB can also be used in siding, soffit, floor underlayment and subfloor applications. Some specialty OSB products are made for siding and for concrete formwork, although OSB is not commonly treated using preservatives. OSB has many interleaved layers which provide the panel with good nail and screw holding properties. Fasteners can be driven as close as 6 mm (1/4 in) from the panel edge without risk of splitting or breaking out.
OSB is a structural mat-formed panel product that is made from thin strands of aspen or poplar, sliced from small diameter roundwood logs or blocks, and bonded together with a waterproof phenolic adhesive that is cured under heat and pressure. OSB is also manufactured using the southern yellow pine species in the United States. Other species, such as birch, maple or sweetgum can also be used in limited quantities during manufacture.
OSB is manufactured with the surface layer strands aligned in the long panel direction, while the inner layers have random or cross alignment. Similar to plywood, OSB is stronger along the long axis compared to the narrow axis. This random or cross orientation of the strands and wafers results in a structural engineered wood panel with consistent stiffness and strength properties, as well as dimensional stability. It is also possible to produce directionally-specific strength properties by adjusting the orientation of strand or wafer layers. The wafers or strands used in the manufacture of OSB are generally up to 150 mm (6 in) long in the grain direction, 25 mm (1 in) wide and less than 1 mm (1/32″) in thickness.
In Canada, OSB panels are manufactured to meet the requirements of the CSA O325 standard. This standard sets performance ratings for specific end uses such as floor, roof and wall sheathing in light-frame wood construction. Sheathing conforming to CSA O325 is referenced in Part 9 of the National Building Code of Canada (NBC). In addition, design values for OSB construction sheathing are listed in CSA O86, allowing for engineering design of roof sheathing, wall sheathing and floor sheathing using OSB conforming to CSA O325.
OSB panels are manufactured in both imperial and metric sizes, and are either square-edged or tongue-and-grooved on the long edges for panels 15 mm (19/32 in) and thicker. For more information on available sizes of OSB panel, refer to the document below.
For more information on OSB, please refer to the following resources:
Welcome, this course is a case study of a number of educational buildings in both the United States and Canada and how wood used in the construction of these buildings supports sustainability, promotes health and motivates learning.
Learning Objectives
How wood was used to create a healthy learning environment.
How wood was used to create a sense of wellbeing by creating warm inviting interiors with large open spaces.
Examines the use of wood in the construction of 20 different educational buildings from elementary and high schools to university research facilities and showcase buildings.
Course Video
https://vimeo.com/1110076064
Speakers Bio
Steve Craft, Ph.D., P.Eng. Co-founder CHM Fire Consultants – Ottawa, ON
Dr. Steven Craft is a Principal Engineer with CHM Fire Consultants Ltd, which he co-founded in 2011, and an Adjunct Professor in the Fire Safety Engineering Program at Carleton University. He has an undergraduate degree in Forest Engineering from the University of New Brunswick and a Ph.D. in Fire Safety Engineering from Carleton University. Dr. Craft teaches courses in Wood Engineering, Fire Dynamics, and Wood Structures and Fire Safety at Carleton University. As well, he is active in Canadian and international codes and standards work, including chairing a task group under CSA O86, Canada’s Wood Design Standard, on fire resistance and a task group under ULC’s Fire Test Committee on exterior fire tests.
Wood Design & Building Magazine, vol 25, issue 101
Every issue of Wood Design & Building tells a different story about how wood is shaping contemporary construction. Some editions revolve around a clear theme such as our recent issue on strategic additions and adaptive reuse; others, like this one, reflect the diversity of challenges, innovations, and contexts that define wood construction today. What unites the features in this issue is not a single building type or region, but a shared commitment to thoughtful planning, ingenuity, and execution.
We begin in the mountains of British Columbia, where the Robson Cabin project pushes the limits of planning and coordination. Accessible only by helicopter, the remote alpine site demanded meticulous preparation, high levels of prefabrication, and an unwavering attention to detail. Alongside the technical complexity, the construction crew also contended with less predictable site conditions—including a persistent population of porcupines, whose curiosity added a memorable twist to an already remarkable build.
From there, we turn to one of the most sought-after—and often elusive—topics in the industry: cost. Reliable, project-specific costing data for mass timber buildings remains rare, and cost uncertainty can be a barrier to wider adoption of mass timber construction. This issue features an overview of a new mass timber business case study published by WoodWorks BC, which presents detailed cost, schedule, and design data from three projects. By comparing mass timber systems to conventional construction approaches across three building types, the study offers valuable insight into real-world construction costs, decision-making, and the strategies that can bring mass timber into cost parity.
Our final feature takes us to Trenton, Nova Scotia, for a virtual construction tour of the Pictou County Sports Heritage Hall of Fame, a community-focused project being realized through close collaboration between designers, builders, and trades. The one-storey building brings together panelized engineered wood walls, traditional light wood frame construction, and a central mass timber foyer, showcasing a deliberate “right material in the right place” approach. Built using offsite fabrication and carefully sequenced installation, the project demonstrates how coordination and precision can be leveraged to deliver a refined wood building that balances efficiency, constructability, and architectural expression.
Together, these stories offer a snapshot of a sector defined by creativity, technical rigor, and resilience—whether navigating rugged mountain terrain, unpacking the realities of construction costs, or reimagining how cultural buildings are delivered. We hope they inform, inspire, and perhaps even entertain.
Promoting Health and Wellness with Wood Architecture
...timber buildings also benefit workers throughout the construction process by reducing construction time, and prefabricated elements contribute to cleaner, safer building sites. The team at the Canadian Wood Council/Wood WORKS!...
This case study examines two wood buildings, both with primary retail commercial occupancies, but which employ different mass timber products to achieve very different effects. Askew’s Uptown Supermarket in Salmon...
Low‐Rise Commercial Mass Timber Design Case Study
...Bevilacqua, P.Eng, Struct Eng, Fast+Epp Reed Kelterborn Canadian Wood Council Yang Du Canadian Wood Council Ali Mikael Canadian Wood Council Architectural Design: Dr. Hoda Ganji George Brown College Usage and...
...Floor and Wall Assemblies for Tall Wood Buildings, by the National Research Council (December 2014) Measurement of Airborne Sound Insulation of Wall & Floor Assemblies Visit Think Wood’s Research Library...
Wood Design & Building Magazine, vol 25, issue 102
...human wellbeing so often turn to wood. This connection is present in many cultures. Our WoodWare feature on FinnFox, for example, highlights the part wooden saunas play supporting health and...
...through punched steel teeth that are embedded into the wood members. Today, light-frame wood trusses are widely used in single- and multi-family residential, institutional, agricultural, commercial and industrial construction. The...
As for all other building materials, a critical aspect of wood structures is the manner by which members are connected. Wood products are building materials which are easily drilled, chiseled,...
...Engineered Wood Association Canadian Construction Materials Centre (CCMC), Institute for Research in Construction CSA O86 Engineering design in wood ASTM D5456 Standard Specification for Evaluation of Structural Composite Lumber Products...
...Kalesnikoff Nordic Structures APA – The Engineered Wood Association Canadian Construction Materials Centre (CCMC) Element5 ANSI/APA PRG 320 Standard for Performance-Rated Cross-Laminated Timber CSA O86 Engineering design in wood CSA...
...on OSB, please refer to the following resources: APA – The Engineered Wood Association National Building Code of Canada CSA O86 Engineering design in wood CSA O325 Construction sheathing CSA...
Mass Timber Buildings and Fire Safety
...these buildings supports sustainability, promotes health and motivates learning. Learning Objectives How wood was used to create a healthy learning environment. How wood was used to create a sense of...
Wood Design & Building Magazine, vol 25, issue 101
Every issue of Wood Design & Building tells a different story about how wood is shaping contemporary construction. Some editions revolve around a clear theme such as our recent issue...
Resource Description This 8-lecture module provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles of thermodynamics and hydrodynamics as they apply to wood buildings. It...
Course Overview This course will explore the use cases for incorporating more wood into a sector that is typically dominated by structural steel construction. We will look at...
When the provincial government changed the British Columbia Building Code (BCBC) in 2009 by increasing the permissible height for wood-frame construction from four storeys to...
Since wood-frame construction was first used in the early 1800’s, North Americans have developed and been sheltered by wood-frame building technology -- from single family...
Canada’s ageing population means an increasing demand for more facilities dedicated to providing care for elderly citizens. Facility operators and residents are looking for...
Some engineered wood panel products, such as plywood and laminated veneer lumber (LVL) are able to be treated after manufacture with preservative solutions, whereas thin...
Canada’s first Microtel Inn & Suites was opened in Parry Sound, Ontario in May 2006 by Ontarinns, Inc. of Toronto. Henry B. Lowry, president of the company, franchisee...
Over the last couple of years Quebec City has witnessed significant population growth and there has been a construction boom to meet the ever-growing demand for housing. In...
This document includes case studies on the Elkford Community Conference Centre, the North Shore Credit Union Environmental Learning Centre and the City of North Vancouver...
Located in a fast-growing area of south-east Edmonton, the new Meadows Community Recreation Centre, and associated Meadows Branch Edmonton Public Library, provides year round...
Second Edition Applicable to the 2024 OBC (O. Reg. 163/24) – In Effect January 1, 2025 Overview The Guide to Mid-Rise Wood Construction in the Ontario Building Code (Second...
Framing connectors are proprietary products and include fastener types such as; framing anchors, framing angles, joist, purling and beam hangers, truss plates, post caps...
