Design Example of Wood Diaphragm on Reinforced CMU Shearwalls
This document is design example of Wood Diaphragm on Reinforced CMU Shearwalls. It uses a school gymnasium located in Surrey, British Columbia as the example. The plan dimensions are 20m x 30m, with a total building height of 7m. The walls are 190 mm reinforced CMU, and the roof diaphragm consists of plywood sheathing and SPF framing members. The roof plan is shown in Figure 1. The site is Seismic Class ‘C’. Wind, snow and seismic data specific to the project location are taken from the latest version of the National Building Code (2010). Roof dead load is assumed to be 0.9 kPa and the wall weight is 2.89 kPa. The weight of non-structural items including mechanical equipment has not been included in this example for simplicity.
The R-Town V6 pilot project is the first 6-storey, mixed-use, multi-unit residential building developed in Ontario that fully employs mass timber as the main structural system. The energy-efficient wood building was designed to Passive House standards and built with lower embodied carbon materials.
The decision to use Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) for the elevator cores and exit stair enclosures helped simplify the build by eliminating the challenge of integrating a noncombustible core into a wood building. It required the team to obtain approval for an alternative solution because this approach to construction currently falls outside the prescriptive requirements for 6-storey combustible construction in Ontario’s building code.
It was the development team’s vision to bring the benefits of offsite manufacturing to the midrise market in Toronto and the panelized, tallwood design developed for R-Town V6 streamlined the assembly process and successfully demonstrated proof of concept for challenging infill developments.
This modern approach to construction accelerates and improves project delivery and the versatile, repeatable design contributes to a sustainable and much-needed increase in density along urban arterial roads, creating more attractive, desirable housing in established, walkable neighbourhoods.
Four-Storey Wood School Design in British Columbia: Life Cycle Analysis Comparisons
Climate change is one of the largest threats facing the planet today. The construction industry accounts for 11% of global carbon emissions, playing a significant part in the climate crisis. To determine the best solution for future school buildings, not only does practicability, economy and constructability play a part, so does sustainability.
In order to better understand the embodied carbon emissions associated with the construction of new school buildings in British Columbia, the embodied carbon content associated with the four framing systems examples in the companion report, An Analysis of Structural System Cost Comparisons (costing study), was assessed. The purpose of this study is to allow the embodied carbon associated with these systems to become an important factor when choosing a viable scheme.
Embodied carbon is the carbon footprint of a material or product. To determine the embodied carbon of a building you must consider the quantity of greenhouse gases associated with the building. The most effective way to measure this is through Life Cycle Analysis (LCA), a study which determines the embodied carbon from cradle to grave (material extraction to building demolition). Consequently, an LCA was conducted for each of the four schemes presented in the costing study. Additionally, for wood frame Options A and B, WoodWorks online carbon calculator was used to determine the potential carbon savings associated with carbon sequestering.
Dowel Laminated Timber A new mass timber product in North America
Course Overview
Dowel‐laminated timber is a next generation mass timber product commonly used in Europe, where it is also known as brettstapel. Panels are made from softwood lumber boards stacked like the boards of NLT, friction‐fit together with hardwood beech dowels instead of nails. DLT is the only mass timber product which is 100 per cent wood – it involves no glue or nails. Unique to DLT as a mass timber product, acoustic profiles can be integrated directly into the bottom surface of a panel. DLT panels processed using CNC machinery create a high tolerance panel which can also contain pre‐integrated electrical conduit and other service runs. StructureCraft will be the first manufacturer of DLT in North America, with a new automated manufacturing line and plant beginning production in 2017. This presentation will discuss how DLT differs from other mass timber products in its use and specification. Topics will include potential applications, introduction to the design and construction process and costs.
Learning Objectives
What is Dowel Laminated Timber?
Potential applications of DLT.
Introduction to design and construction detailing.
Product availability and cost.
Course Video
https://vimeo.com/1109949607?share=copy
Speaker Bio
Lucas Epp Head of Engineering StructureCraft
Lucas Epp is a structural engineer with 10 years of experience working throughout Canada, the UK, and New Zealand. While in London he designed a range of projects with world class architects and developed an expertise in complex geometry and challenging structures. Lucas leads the engineering department at StructureCraft where he has been involved in large-scale timber structures including the 2012 Vancouver Olympics Oval and more recently as lead engineer for the T3 Minneapolis office building.
Exploring the Feasibility of Point-Supported Mass Timber for Tallwood Construction
Course Overview
This session examines the growing potential of point-supported mass timber systems in tall building construction, contrasting them with traditional timber framing and conventional steel and concrete approaches. It highlights regulator advancements, the role of mass timber in addressing mid-density housing needs, and the structural fundamentals of gravity and lateral systems. Through cost and schedule comparisons, design principles like bi-axial bending and punching shear, and insights from ongoing Canadian codification efforts, the presentation offers a comprehensive overview supported by real-world projects such as VAHA Burrard and BCIT Tall Timber.
Learning Objectives
Evaluate the opportunities and constraints for point-supported mass timber when compared to traditional timber framing schemes.
Analyze the schedule and cost benefits of point-supported mass timber systems versus steel and concrete in tall construction projects.
Explore state-of-the-art design methodologies and ongoing efforts towards codification in Canada.
Course Video
https://vimeo.com/1132245390
Speakers Bio
Carla Dickof, P.Eng., M.A.Sc. Associate Principal | Director of Research & Development Fast+Epp
Carla Dickof is the Associate Principal & Director of Research and Development at Fast + Epp, where she leads the Testing Team at Fast + Epp’s R&D hub, Concept Lab, and uses the data gleaned from research programs to regularly contribute to academic journals and conferences.
Carla completed her Master’s degree studies at the University of British Columbia, where her thesis research focused on hybrid systems, specifically those combining steel and mass timber (CLT).
Her experience as an engineer spans commercial, recreational, educational, and residential projects – and, since joining Fast + Epp in 2012, Carla has gained a robust fluency in all major building materials, including concrete, steel, light-framed wood, heavy timber, and mass timber. Her understanding of building physics and materials brings invaluable insights to her projects.
Alejandro Coronado, P.Eng. Technical Advisor WoodWorks BC
Alejandro Coronado is a Technical Advisor with a multidisciplinary background spanning contracting, supply, and consulting engineering. With both a Diploma and a Bachelor’s Degree in Structural Engineering from BCIT, Alejandro began his career in single-family residential design and steadily advanced to contribute to landmark projects such as the Centre Block Base Isolation at Parliament Hill, the UBC Museum of Anthropology Great Hall Renewal, the Royal BC Museum PARC Campus, and a mass timber campus in Silicon Valley. Initially drawn to mass timber for its expressive architectural potential, Alejandro quickly recognized its broader value in addressing today’s social and environmental challenges. Through many years of hands-on experience, Alejandro has become a champion for sustainable construction and simple yet effective structural solutions.
A building that is a good choice for the environment can often address broader social needs and offer higher economic value. People prefer to live, work, study and play in a well-designed and visually appealing building – and this is more likely to extend its life and make it a better investment. It also sends a signal that the building owner is environmentally responsible and cares about the well-being of occupants.
Individuals in the design and construction community are increasingly choosing materials, design techniques and construction procedures that improve a structure’s ability to withstand and recover from extreme events such as intense rain, snow and wind, hurricanes, earthquakes and wildfire. In addition, buildings are increasingly designed to be more adaptable in order to accommodate future occupancies and user needs. As a result, specifying robust materials and design details, and constructing flexible and easily repairable buildings are becoming important design criteria.
Course Overview The Shearwalls Course introduces learners to the WoodWorks Shearwalls Program, a tool designed for modeling and analyzing wood-frame structures. This course covers the design of complete structures, including...
Rock Community Church is located in Woodbridge, Ontario, directly north of Toronto. Several years ago, the congregation bought a large, wooded property and used an existing residence and outbuildings for...
The intent of this document is to provide guidance on joist spans, built-up beam sizes, and supporting column sizes for exterior wood decks. The following items which are typically included...
In a recent survey of building specifiers, the majority perceived wood to be the most environmentally friendly building material. Compared to other major building materials, this is due mainly to:...
...new buildings. The changes recognize the advancements in wood products and systems as well as in fire detection, suppression, and containment systems. Densification is mandated in almost all municipal growth...
Insuring Timber Buildings: Best Practices for the Best Rates!
...Speaker Bio Timothy Buhler, BBA Technical Manager Canadian Wood Council Born and raised in Northern Ontario, Tim is very aware of the importance of the forestry industry to Canadians. Tim...
A Mechanics-Based Approach for Determining Deflections of Stacked Multi-Storey Wood-Based Shearwalls
The 2009 edition of CSA Standard O86, Engineering Design in Wood (CSA 2009), provides an equation for determining the deflection of shear walls. It is important to note that this...
Design of Stacked Multi-Storey Wood Shearwalls Using A Mechanics Based Approach
This document is a Design example of Stacked Multi-Storey Wood Shearwalls Using A Mechanics Based Approach. It shows a floor plan and elevation along with the preliminary shear wall locations...
Considerations in the Design & Prefabrication of Mass Timber Buildings for Architects
...available LCA tools, and discusses broader sustainability and biophilia considerations. Acknowledgments Canadian Wood Council Usage and Citation Guidelines These teaching materials were developed by university professors with funding support from...
Joining Tradition and Innovation with Mass timber Connections
Course Overview An overview of traditional, state of the art and innovative wood fasteners and connectors. This course is of particular interest to structural engineers and design professionals interested in...
...the possibilities and finding ways to integrate wood into projects that build on the foundations of the past, figuratively and literally, to meet the needs of the present. In this...
Construction Sites
...Security: A Technical Note on Fire Safety and Security on Construction Sites in British Columbia” – by Wood Works! British Columbia, 2013 City of Surrey, BC – Construction Fire Safety...
Course Overview The Shearwalls Course introduces learners to the WoodWorks Shearwalls Program, a tool designed for modeling and analyzing wood-frame structures. This course...
Rock Community Church is located in Woodbridge, Ontario, directly north of Toronto. Several years ago, the congregation bought a large, wooded property and used an existing...
The intent of this document is to provide guidance on joist spans, built-up beam sizes, and supporting column sizes for exterior wood decks. The following items which are...
In a recent survey of building specifiers, the majority perceived wood to be the most environmentally friendly building material. Compared to other major building materials...
On September 23, 2014, after many years of research, development, stakeholder feedback and discussion, the Ontario Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing announced...
Course Overview Recent code changes and advancements in timber products are allowing for larger and more complex buildings to be built in timber. These multi storey, complex...
The 2009 edition of CSA Standard O86, Engineering Design in Wood (CSA 2009), provides an equation for determining the deflection of shear walls. It is important to note that...
This document is a Design example of Stacked Multi-Storey Wood Shearwalls Using A Mechanics Based Approach. It shows a floor plan and elevation along with the preliminary...
Resource Description This resource is intended to provide educators with a clear framework for teaching the principles of mass timber design and prefabrication. The content...
Course Overview An overview of traditional, state of the art and innovative wood fasteners and connectors. This course is of particular interest to structural engineers and...
As the design and construction industry collectively strives towards a more sustainable built environment, one of the more interesting challenges in architecture today is how...
The vulnerability of any building in a fire situation is higher during the construction phase when compared to the susceptibility of the building after it has been completed...
